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You may not use this work for commercial purposes. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Free light chains are proteins produced by B lymphocytes during the process of antibody synthesis. Introduction Dr H. Open in a separate window. Figure 1. Intact immunoglobulin and free light chain structure Each immunoglobulin is composed of two heavy chains and two light chains linked by disulphide bonds. Measurement of free light chains Commercial methods for identifying free light chains utilising serum and urine protein electrophoresis and immunofixation electrophoresis have been problematic due to their lack of sensitivity and cumbersome methodology [ 4 ].
Free light chains and disease Concentrations of serum free light chains are dependent on the balance between production and renal clearance [ 12 ]. Polyclonal free light chains: a biomarker for disease activity? Polyclonal free light chains and mortality Dispenzieri et al. Pathogenic role of free light chains: could they be a therapeutic target?
Figure 2. Free light chain production, biological interactions and metabolism Free light chains are produced by B cells, released into the circulation and have been shown to exert a variety of biological functions, including inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis and viral replication, and induction of mast cell degranulation. Free light chains and hypersensitivity reactions In , Redegeld et al. Free light chain interaction with neutrophils Free light chains have been shown to inhibit the apoptosis of neutrophils, which are key effector cells in the inflammatory process [ 41 ].
Protective role of free light chains in disease It is important to point out that free light chains have also been shown to have a potentially protective role. Conclusion Measuring polyclonal free light chains as a marker of B cell activation can give new insight into the activity of the adaptive immune system in a variety of inflammatory conditions [ 44 ]. Notes Disclosures The authors declare that they have no disclosures.
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